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General indicators: Decreased social interaction, increased aggression, altered feeding, repetitive behaviors, and sleep disturbance. When to use : Adjunct to behavior modification, not a cure. Indicated for severe anxiety, compulsive disorders, or when the animal is too fearful to learn.
| Drug Class | Examples | Use | Onset | Key Notes | |------------|----------|-----|-------|------------| | SSRI | Fluoxetine, Sertraline | Generalized anxiety, aggression | 4-6 weeks | First line for chronic issues | | TCA | Clomipramine | Separation anxiety, compulsive disorders | 3-4 weeks | Also used for canine OCD | | Benzodiazepine | Alprazolam, Diazepam | Phobias, panic (short-term) | 30-60 min | Risk of disinhibition (worse aggression) | | Alpha-2 agonist | Dexmedetomidine (oral gel) | Noise aversion (event med) | 30-45 min | Sedating; use with caution |
