Masthead

A window into what we collectively know about more constructive ways of handling the intractable conflicts that threaten both our relationships and our societies.

Masthead

A window into what we collectively know about more constructive ways of handling the intractable conflicts that threaten both our relationships and our societies.

Welcome to the New Beyond Intractability
Find out about the recent upgrades to BI including our new Constructive Conflict Guide which organizes BI content around a framework for analyzing and then limiting or solving conflict problems, focusing particularly on hyper-polarization and threats to democracy (from both the left and the right).

Welcome to the New Beyond Intractability
Find out about the recent upgrades to BI including our new Constructive Conflict Guide which organizes BI content around a framework for analyzing and then limiting or solving conflict problems.

Ipc-7351c Pdf Apr 2026

: Moved from strictly rectangular component "courtyards" (the keep-out area) to contour-based courtyards that follow the actual shape of the component to save board space. Local Fiducials

IPC-7351C was designed to modernize the way footprints (land patterns) are calculated, moving away from fixed library definitions toward dynamic, math-based generation. Although the committee eventually pivoted, several "What's New in IPC-7351C" documents from PCB Libraries and industry experts detail the intended core changes. PCB Libraries Key Features and Changes ipc-7351c pdf

, which officially includes through-hole guidelines that were missing from the 7351 series. PCB Libraries Where to Find Resources IPC-7351C Land Pattern Overview | PDF - Scribd PCB Libraries Key Features and Changes , which

: Recommended using rounded rectangles instead of standard rectangles or oblong shapes to improve solder paste release and consistency. Contour Courtyards PCB Libraries Key Features and Changes

: Replaced the older "3-tier" pad stack concept with a system that scales annular rings proportionally based on hole diameters. Rounded Rectangle Pads

Footprints naming convention: IPC-7351 vs. Expert - PCB Libraries

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Beyond Intractability

About Beyond Intractability

Built over the last 35 years by over 500 contributors, Beyond Intractability is a free information system that supports those wanting to more constructively address conflict at all levels — from the individual to the societal. More...

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Our inability to constructively handle intractable conflict is the most serious, and the most neglected, problem facing humanity. Solving today's tough problems depends upon finding better ways of dealing with these conflicts. More...

BI Substack Newsletter

BI's free Substack newsletter highlights the latest thinking on democratic decline, hyper-polarization, intractable conflict, and what can, and is, being done to address these challenges. More...

Constructive Conflict Resource Guide

A free Guide to understanding the causes and consequences of intractable conflicts and the ways in which we can all help handle these conflicts more constructively — from the interpersonal to the societal level. More...

Full BI Knowledge Base

This section is built around the BI website's traditional format, providing access to all the resources generated over the last 35 years by Beyond Intractability. More...

Colleague, News, and Opinion Links

Organized links to the thousands of outside resources describing elements of the massively parallel effort to strengthen democracy and constructively handle intractable conflicts. More...

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